Then, the mutapa kingdom was founded even closer to the indian ocean in mozambique. Leopold takawira high school history club facebook. Most of the material on the nature and extent of state control of longdistance trade is drawn from eyewitness reports of the portuguese. Jun 30, 20 the mutapas control in these far away lands was probably peripheral and not regular. Due to a decline in trade the portuguese decided to send an emissary to the mutapa state. The portuguese began settling and setting up trading posts in zimbabwe in the sixteenth century.
Portuguese had set up several trading posts in the heartland of the mutapa state figure 8. Apr 06, 2018 the coming in of the portuguese into the state severely led to the states downfall. The mutapa later asked for a permanent representatives of the portuguese to be stationed in his kingdom who was given the title captain of the gates who was in charge of relations between portuguese traders and the mutapa king. They thus adopted an, in mutapa pdf download, mutapa state activities by the portuguese in the mutapa state in this site is not the similar as a answer manual you purchase in a cassette hoard or.
The rozvi, having grown’ out of the mutapa state, were well aware of the destructive activities of the portuguese traders. The book is a quick study instrument and is suitable to be used by learners who are about to write their final exams. Zimbabwe culture polities dominated african sociopolitical activity in the zambezi. Let us go to the monomotapawho is an inexperienced young man, let us pretend that the primary portuguese objective was to gain mining andwe are interested in the good of his monarchy and let us political concessions in the state and they wished to control the. This was primarily hinged on the fact that the rozvi had militarily defeated the portuguese in 1685 whereupon they restricted portuguese activities to the periphery of the state and in the northeastern areas beach, 1984. Mutapas government the portuguese people who arrived in the east african coast in the 1500s thought mwenemutapa was a title of respect for the ruler. The mutapa people produced and traded a variety of goods such as elephant tusks and gold and encouraged traders including the swahili and. The mutapa state was located on the northern part of modern day zimbabwe.
The portuguese affected the state economically, socially and politically. Benefits and damage of the portuguese activities to the. Portuguese document dating from the early 16th century also seem to show that the mutapa state already existed before the great zimbabwe collapsed thus mutapa empire was an offshoot of the. This expansion weakened the torwa kingdom, the southern shona state from which mutota. The kingdom of mutapa sometimes referred to as the mutapa empire, mwenemutapa was a.
The kingdom of mutapa sometimes referred to as the mutapa empire, mwenemutapa, shona. The benefits and damage of portuguese activities to the mutapa state. Monomotapa kingdom existed between 14501629, it succeeded the great zimbabwe kingdom. By the 1590s, mutapa had been through many civil wars, leaving the government fragile and weak. Nov 14, 20 the tonga reacted to the portuguese invasion of about 1570 with stiff resistance. The mutapa kingdom became a much diminished kingdom in the empire. See, for example, joao dos santos, eastern ethiopia, in george mccall theal, ed. Dambarare and manyika, coupled with his victories against maungwe in 1684, the mutapa in 1693 and 1702, and manyika in 1695, so impressed the portuguese that they developed a profound fear of him to the. The rozvi, having grown out of the mutapa state, were well aware of the destructive activities of the portuguese traders.
Apr 24, 20 the portuguese began settling and setting up trading posts in zimbabwe in the sixteenth century. Pdf o level study guide for zimbabwean history upto 1897. Much violence marked the mutapan kingdom, with private armies of the wealthy, raiding, resisting the portuguese, and protecting cattle. The mutapa people produced and traded a variety of goods such as elephant tusks and gold and encouraged traders including the swahili and portuguese continue. The mutapa empire was destroyed by the portuguese in the 17th century. The kingdom of mutapa is said to have stretched between the zambezi and limpopo rivers. The kingdom of mutapa, sometimes referred to as the mutapa empire was a shona kingdom which stretched between the zambezi and limpopo rivers of southern africa in the modern states of zimbabwe and mozambique. The kingdom that built the complex is said to have given rise to the famous mutapa empire.
This was followed by the zimba invasions from maravi, north of the zambezi. For this, in its turn, we need to consider the great zimbabwe stone complex near masvingo in presentday zimbabwe erected about 12500 beach 1994a. Origins of the mutapa empire essay 853 words antiessays. The mutapa state is believed to have been an iron age state which spanned across three centuries till its decline in the 19 th century. The first europeans to enter southern africa were the portuguese, who from the 15th century edged their way around the african coast in the hope of outflanking islam, finding a sea route to the riches of india, and discovering additional sources of food.
Portuguese colonialism, mutapa empire, zimbabwe, jesuits. Economically speaking, the king did not monopolise all trade activities in his. According to oral traditions, nyatsimba mutota migrated from. Benefits and damage of the portuguese activities to the mutapa state. Portuguese activities in the mutapa kingdom were characterised by.
Mwene mutapa is shona for ravager of the lands, and was also the title held by the dynasty of kings who ruled the territory, which was between the zambezi and limpopo rivers. Portuguese attempts to colonise the mutapa state free zimsec. Economic activities and the state publish your masters. Monomotapa high civilization the kingdom of monomotapa popularly known as the mutapa empire or mwenemutapa in africa was a medieval kingdom that was located between river zambezi and limpopo in what is known today as the states of zambia, mozambique and south eastern zambia. The picture is from portuguese historical collection. What are factors that led to the downfall of mutapa state. The prazo system this led to family separation due to forced labour by the portuguese. On account of the above points it can be rather said the portuguese ignited the fall of the mutapa state rather than just simply saying they only sounded a death knell. The portuguese began to establish a presence and then control of the. This was the only excuse the portuguese needed to take over the gold mines and ivory routes. The portuguese then assisted the mutapas enemies, particularly mavhura to claim the mutapa kingship. Monomotapa kingdom existed between 14501629, it succeeded the great zimbabwe. Feb, 2016 global black history presents the mutapa state.
Zimbabwe was a plentiful source and allowed them to take advantage of the country. The mutapa state was one of western mozambique and present day zimbabwes greatest kingdoms. The mutapas control in these far away lands was probably peripheral and not regular. Mutapa rebels like mavura were forced to sign treaties of vassalage to the portuguese thus tying the mutapa state to the portuguese crown. The kingdom of monomotapa mutapa empire wilsondiop institute. European and african interaction from the 15th through the. However the portuguese took this opportunity to advance their interests in mutapa state.
But that state didnt do much and was basically just a mirror image of zimbabwe. They thus adopted an indirect way of dealing with the portuguese. It is believed that the later had migrated with a large military force from great zimbabwe in. Zimbabwes precolonial history zimbabwe and related topics. Interference in traditional politics leading to the erosion of the power of kings. The ruling class of the mutapa people had similar culture and customs as those of the great zimbabwe. Sep 22, 2018 monomotapa high civilization the kingdom of monomotapa popularly known as the mutapa empire or mwenemutapa in africa was a medieval kingdom that was located between river zambezi and limpopo in what is known today as the states of zambia, mozambique and south eastern zambia. The portuguese took this opportunity to advance their imperial interests by using slave labour to work on the land they acquired under these treaties. The mutapa western adaptation of the munhumutapa or mwenemutapa or monomutapa depending on the shona. The only place where non africans were allowed to stay for trade in the rozvi empire was at the feira of manyika, where the chikangas, the rozvi vassal rulers of manyika, kept a vigilant eye on their activities. Home notes ordinary level notes o level history notes portuguese attempts to colonise the mutapa state. Dambarare and manyika, coupled with his victories against maungwe in 1684, the mutapa in 1693 and 1702, and manyika in 1695, so impressed the portuguese that they developed a profound fear of him to the extent that they claimed that he used magic.
European and african interaction from the 15th through the 18th century. The mutapa state is believed to have been an iron age. The coming in of the portuguese into the state severely led to the states downfall. The rozvi leader changamire dombo was originally a herdsmen in the mutapa state, yet managed to drive away the portuguese, earning himself support and followers, thereby enabling him to break away from the legendary mutapa empire. Mwene mutapa state monomotapa, munhumutapa, mutapa. This is the mutapa state which chronologically overlaps with great zimbabwe and. Chapter 7 barue history until 1918 general information. The rulers in mutapa would also tax people and then forced the people who they conquered in citystates to mine gold for them. Mavhura was then forced to sign treaties with the portuguese, thus tying the mutapa state to the portuguese. Trade between the rozvi and the portuguese had to be carried on through african intermediaries known as vashambadzi. Changamire dombo, according to oral tradition, is believed to have possessed supernatural powers.
Rise and expansion of the mutapa state essays antiessays. Its influence extended over much of presentday zimbabwe, westward into botswana, and southward into northeastern south africa. The kingdom of mwene mutapa was the aftermath of the decline of great zimbabwe in 1420. Mwene mutapa state monomotapa, munhumutapa, mutapa for short. It has been suggested by some including the archaeologist peter garlake that religion was also significant to the rise and expansion of the mutapa state. Benefits and damage of the portuguese activities to the mutapa state an early portuguese map showing the mutapa state zimsec o level history notes. According to oral traditions, nyatsimba mutota migrated from the declining of great zimbabwe and began his conquest of the northern part areas.
Nov 2008 the rise and ultimate expansion of the mutapa state owed in part to the decline of great zimbabwe. Kingdom of mutapa great discoveries in archaeology. Mutapa meaning and origin of the name mutapa nameaning. The rozvi leader changamire dombo was a herdsmen in the mutapa state and managed to drive away the portuguese earning himself support and followers thereby breaking away from the legendary mutapa empire. Portuguese document dating from the early 16th century also seem to show that the mutapa state already existed before the great zimbabwe collapsed thus mutapa empire was an. O level history notes, ordinary level notes comments off on portuguese attempts to colonise the mutapa state. Portuguese attempts to colonise the mutapa state free.
The portuguese activities exploited the africans and it eventually led to the decline of the mutapa state. The shona thus formed a new state, the kingdom of mutapa, from around. In as far as religion is an important component of ideology, this suggestion is plausible. The main people that mutapa traded with were the portuguese. The most powerful local player was the mutapa state, while the mercantilismfuelled portuguese were. Mutapa used the portuguese to their advantage since they had made themselves a part of the kingdom by. Mutapa aka matapa, mwenemutapa, and monomotapa was a southern. This ruler was completely under portuguese control. Mwene we mutapa or more commonly and modern munhumutapa. Like zimbabwes predecessor, the kingdom was eclipsed by the mutapa kingdom and failed.
Mwenemutapa has a few different translations on of them being lord of the plundered lands, and another being. The mutapa western adaptation of the munhumutapa or mwenemutapa or monomutapa depending on the shona dialect was one of western mozambique and present day zimbabwes greatest kingdoms. The mutapa state was established in the 15th century following the decline of the great zimbabwe state. May 04, 2012 the mutapa western adaptation of the munhumutapa or mwenemutapa or monomutapa depending on the shona dialect was one of western mozambique and present day zimbabwes greatest kingdoms. At the same time as this uurge of activity began to be felt, african history began to be seen as.
The kingdom of monomotapa mutapa empire wilsondiop. Or al sources of the mutapa state and the portuguese documents are largely silent on t he crafts making t he technological bas e of the mutapa state such as metal working. Instead they corrupted the political system by overthrowing a ruler and placing their own ruler, mavura mhande felipe, on the throne in 1629. He was tasked with tracing the trade route and work on ways to control and monopolise this route. Portuguese jurisdiction, and the heartland of the mutapa state was largely deserted mudenge. However it was the mutapa state which invited the portuguese e. Mudenge, published by african publishing group, 2011. From the introduction of christianity, installing of puppet kings as well as the introduction of the credit and prazo system, all these activities crippled the livelihood and efficiency. Gatsi rusere munhumutapa 15891623 picture is part of the national stamp collection issued by the zimbabwe post office in conjunction with the zimbabwe national archives in 1985 to honor the 50th anniversary of the national archives. Contentssocial of mutapa stateeconomic activities of the mutapa stateaims of the portuguese in the mutapa statethe rise of mutapa state afternoon once again some more on zimbabwe.
The kingdom of mutapa is similar to that of the great zimbabwe. Introduction early zimbabwe was a broadbased, multiethnic society. The revised edition of this awardwinning book is updated with a reconstruction of the early 18th century mutapa history that enhances our understanding of the politics of that period. Well, zimbabwe did technically live on until 1683 via a small state called the butua kingdom. Finally, in 1962 the systematic publication of portuguese documents was t. The mutapa state consolidated power and maintained its dominance from the 15th to the 20th century in what is now present day zimbabwe.